Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) is already a widely adopted technology in high-speed digital communications. But to understand why it has become ubiquitous in serial data standards, you first must ...

Keysight Technologies, Inc. introduced measurement software designed to help engineers quickly and accurately characterize PAM-4 (pulse amplitude modulation with four amplitude levels) signals ...

This modulation is carried out through a combination of multiple QAM modulators followed by an inverse fast Fourier transform (FFT) that maps the individual streams onto a broadband signal. The ...