High salt consumption in the modern world has caused numerous disorders, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage, and cognitive impairment in human and laboratory animal models ...

Freshwater teleosts inhabit hypotonic environments in which water influx and ion loss occur continuously. Osmoregulation in these fishes relies on coordinated activity of the gills, kidney and ...

The ability to maintain physiologic and metabolic functions in response to changes in the salinity of the surrounding environment is critical for microorganisms. How do they do it? Osmotic shock, ...

When you imagine a patient in a hospital bed you will probably picture an intravenous (IV) drip as part of the scene. Between 80% and 90% of hospital inpatients will receive an infusion of one or more ...