In the early 20th century, pioneering neurosurgeon Dr. Wilder Penfield made a groundbreaking discovery. While in the operating room, Penfield stimulated ...

Compared to other animal species, humans can plan and execute highly sophisticated motor tasks, including the ability to write complex characters using their hands. While many past studies have tried ...

Aside from movement initiation and control, the primary motor cortex (M1) has been implicated in pain modulation mechanisms. A large body of clinical data has demonstrated that stimulation and ...

For almost a century, budding neuroscientists have been taught that the headband-like strip of brain tissue over our ears that controls our movements, called the motor cortex, contains an orderly map ...

The locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system plays an important role in regulating brain function, and its neuronal loss has been well-documented in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The LC-NE ...