Character degree graphs constitute a powerful tool in the study of finite groups, encapsulating the interplay between group representation theory and graph theory. These graphs are constructed by ...
Mathematics of Operations Research, Vol. 42, No. 4 (November 2017), pp. 945-978 (34 pages) Calculating optimal policies is known to be computationally difficult for Markov decision processes (MDPs) ...
First-order derivatives: n additional function calls are needed. Second-order derivatives based on gradient calls, when the "grd" module is specified (Dennis and Schnabel 1983): n additional gradient ...
It has been an exhilarating year in combinatorics research. In early 2023, mathematicians were stunned when two of the biggest problems in the field were solved in as many months. Now, a third major ...
The FD= and FDHESSIAN= options specify the use of finite difference approximations of the derivatives. The FD= option specifies that all derivatives are approximated using function evaluations, and ...