At either end of the esophagus the ciliated epithelium gives rise to esophageal glands. The upper esophagus is derived from branchial arches 4, 5, and 6, but the derivation of the lower esophagus is ...
Navigator imaging technique in combination with 3D volume rendering in MDCT that were utilized in this study allowed detailed evaluation of the relationship between the esophagus and the LA, including ...
The left atrium is one of the four chambers of the heart, located on the left posterior side. Its primary roles are to act as a holding chamber for blood returning from the lungs and to act as a pump ...
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