Morphogens are secreted signalling molecules that organize a field of surrounding cells into patterns. They form a gradient of concentration emanating from a localized source, and determine the ...

The transport of ions is essential to maintain electrophysiological balance on either side of the membrane, called osmotic balance, which is needed for signals to be transduced from their chemical ...

Scientists designed autonomous nanovesicles capable of following glucose concentration gradients, even through the blood brain barrier in rats. From flies landing on food to the retraction of the ...