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Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane that constitutes a formidable barrier to antibiotic penetration. This envelope, embedded with porins and other specialised channels, governs the ...

Gram-negative meningitis is a form of meningitis. The term gram-negative refers to a way of differentiating bacteria. This type of bacteria is typically resistant to drugs and most available ...

• Require X (hemin) and/or V (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) factors for growth • Responsible for 0.5–1% of all cases of IE • Haemophilus aphrophilus is the most common species responsible for IE ...

Gram-positive bacteria show blue or purple after Gram-staining in a laboratory test. They have thick cell walls. Gram-negative bacteria show pink or red on staining and have thin walls. They release ...

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010;8(8):879-885. We recommend a thorough evaluation of patients with non-HACEK Gram-negative endocarditis to assess the necessity of surgical intervention. Decision to ...